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Ages and subjects explained

Please note that age ranges are provided as a guide only. Class selection should be based on each learner's individual needs, ability and readiness.

KS3 Mathematics

Key Stage 3 | School Years 7–9 | Suggested ages ~11–14

Students consolidate and build on the mathematical skills developed in primary school, developing confidence in number, algebra, geometry and problem-solving.

Recommended workbooks
View KS3 curriculum details

Curriculum areas

  1. Number: integers, place value, factors, multiples, fractions, decimals, percentages, powers, roots, negative numbers, rounding and estimation.
  2. Algebra: simplifying expressions, solving equations, substitution, coordinates, graphs, sequences and inequalities.
  3. Ratio, Proportion and Rates of Change: scale factors, scale drawings, direct/inverse proportion introduction and unit conversions.
  4. Geometry & Measures: angle rules, polygons, area, perimeter, volume, transformations and introduction to Pythagoras’ theorem.
  5. Statistics & Probability: averages, range, charts, graphs, sample spaces and likelihood.

Purpose at KS3

  • Build fluency, mathematical reasoning and problem-solving across all strands.
KS4 Mathematics

Key Stage 4 | School Years 10–11 | Suggested ages ~14–16

Deepens mathematical understanding and prepares learners for GCSE Mathematics. Students can work towards either Foundation or Higher tier qualifications.

Recommended workbooks
View KS4 curriculum details

Curriculum areas

  1. Number: complex calculations, surds, bounds, error intervals and extended use of standard form.
  2. Algebra: quadratics, simultaneous equations, non-linear graphs, rearranging formulae, algebraic proof and inequalities.
  3. Ratio, Proportion & Rates of Change: direct/inverse proportion, compound measures, growth, decay and gradients.
  4. Geometry & Measures: trigonometry, circle theorems, vectors, 3D geometry, surface area and volume.
  5. Statistics & Probability: cumulative frequency, box plots, histograms, tree diagrams, Venn diagrams and grouped data.

Purpose at KS4

  • Master the content needed for GCSE Mathematics.
  • Apply maths to more complex and unfamiliar problems.
  • Develop mathematical argument, reasoning and modelling skills.
Functional Skills Mathematics

Key Stages 2–4 | Ability-dependent | Suggested ages ~9–16

Builds practical maths skills for everyday life, work and further education. Learners can progress through Entry Level 3, Level 1 and Level 2 qualifications at a pace suited to their individual ability.

Recommended workbooks
Environmental Studies

Key Stages 3–4 | School Years 7–11 | Suggested ages ~11–16

Explores the relationship between people and the environment. Learners investigate environmental issues through topics linked to science, geography, economics and society.

Recommended coursebook
Physical Education (P.E.)

Key Stages 3–4 | School Years 7–11 | Suggested ages ~11–16

Combines practical sport with classroom-based learning. Topics may include anatomy, physiology, health, fitness, training methods and sports psychology.

Recommended text
Administration & IT

Key Stages 3–4 | School Years 7–11 | Suggested ages ~11–16

Develops organisational, administrative and digital skills for education and employment. Learners gain experience using IT systems and workplace-related practices.

Recommended text
Guitar Lessons

Late Key Stage 2 onwards | School Year 5+ | Suggested ages ~9+

Suitable for beginners and those returning to guitar after a break. Learners develop playing techniques, musical confidence and performance skills in a supportive group setting.

Recommended workbook

Key stages age groups simplified

Key Stage Year Groups Age of Children
EYFS
Early Years Foundation Stage		 Nursery, Reception Year 0–5
Key Stage 1 Year 1–2 5–7
Key Stage 2 Year 3–6 7–11
Key Stage 3 Year 7–9 11–14
Key Stage 4 Year 10–11 14–16
Key Stage 5 / Sixth Form Year 12–13 16–18